- AMB Alma Mahler Briefe in the Bauhaus Archive (BHA).
- AML Alma Mahler, Mein Leben (Fischer, Frankfurt, 1960); And the Bridge is Love, shortened English version, tr. E. B. Ashion (Harcourt Brace, New York, 1958).
- AMM1 Alma Mahler, Gustav Mahler: Erinnerungen und Briefe (Bermann Fischer, Vienna, 1949).
- AMM2 Alma Mahler, Gustav Mahler: Erinnerungen und Briefe (Propyläen-Ullstein, Frankfurt, 1971).
- AMM3 Alma Mahler, Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters, Eng. version, tr. Basil Creighton, ed. Donald Mitchell, and Knud Martner (Sphere Books, London, 1990).
- AMTS Alma Mahler-Werfel, Tagebuch Suiten 1898-1902, ed. Antony Beaumont and Susanne Rode-Breymann (Fischer, Frankfurt am Main, 1997).
- BAM Gustav Mahler, ‘Mein lieber Trotzkopf’, ‘meine susse Mohnblume’, Briefe an Anna von Mildenburg, ed. and comm. Franz Willnauer (Zsolnay, Vienna, 2006).
- BAF Gustav Mahler, ‘Liebste Justi, Briefe an die Familie’, ed. Stephen McClatchie and Helmut Brenner (Weidler, Bonn, 2006).
- BAFe Gustav Mahler, The Mahler Family Letters, ed. and trans. Stephen McClatchie (Oxford, Oxford, 2006).
- BDI3 Kurt Blaukopf, Mahler: Sein Leben, sein Werk und seine Welt in Zeitgenössischen Bildern und Texten (Universal Edition, Vienna, 1976).
- BGA Ein Glück ohne Ruh’: Die Briefe Gustav Mahlers an Alma, ed. Henry-Louis de La Grange and Günther Weiss (Siedler. Berlin, 1995).
- BGAe Gustav Mahler, Letters to his Wife, ed. H. L. de La Grange and G. Weiss; Eng. trans. and rev. Antony Beaumont (Faber, London, 2004).
- BHA Bauhaus Archive.
- BJV Steven Belier. The Jews of Vienna 1867-1938 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989).
- BME Anna Bahr-Mildenburg. Erinnerungen (Wiener Literarische Anstalt, Vienna, 1921).
- BMG Ludwig Karpath, Begegnung mit dem Genius (Fiba, Vienna, 1934).
- BMS Paul Bekker, Gustav Mahlers Sinfonien (Schuster & Loeffler, Berlin, 1921).
- BSP Paul Stefan (ed.), Gustav Mahler: Ein Bild seiner Persönlichkeit in Widmungen (Piper, Munich. 1910).
- BVJ Steven Belier, Vienna and the Jews 1867-1938: A Cultural History (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989).
- BWB Bruno Walter, Briefe 1894-1962 (Fischer, Frankfurt, 1969; Knopf, New York, 1959).
- BWM Bruno Walter, Gustav Mahler (Reichner, Vienna, 1936).
- BWT Bruno Walter, Thema und Variationen (Fischer, Berlin, 1950); Theme and Variations, trans. James A. Galston (Knopf, New York, 1946).
- DMM1 Donald Mitchell, Gustav Mahler: The Early Years (Rockliff, London, 1958); 2nd edn., rev. Paul Banks and David Matthews (Faber, London, 1980).
- DMM2 Donald Mitchell, Gustav Mahler: The Wunderhorn Years (Faber, London, 1975).
- DMM3 Donald Mitchell, Gustav Mahler: Songs and Symphonies of Life and Death (Faber, London 1985).
- EDM Ernst Decsey, Musik war sein Leben: Lebenserinnerungen (Deutsch, Vienna, 1962).
- EDS1 Ernst Decsey, Stunden mit Mahler: Die Musik, Berlin (Gustav Mahler-Heft), 10 (1911): 18, 352ff.
- EDS2 Ernst Decsey, Stunden mit Mahler: Die Musik. Berlin (Gustav Mahler-Heft), 10 (1911): 21, 143ff.
- FSM Erwin Stein, ‘Mahler and the Vienna Opera’, in Harold Rosenthal (ed.), The Opera Bedside Book (Gollancz, London, 1965).
- EWL Egon and Emmy Wellesz, Egon Welles, Leben und Werk, ed. Franz Endler (Zsolnay, Vienna, 1981).
- FGM Stuart Feder, Gustav Mahler: A Life in Crisis (Yale University Press, New Haven, 2004).
- FPM Ferdinand Pfohl Gustav Mahler: Eindrücke und Erinnerungen aus den Hamburger Jahren. ed. Knud Mariner (Musikalienhandlung, Hamburg, 1973).
- GAM Guido Adler, Gustav Mahler (Universal Edition, Vienna, first edn., 1911; 2nd edn., 1916).
- GWO Max Graf, Die Wiener Oper (Humboldt, Vienna, ¡955).
- HHS Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt, Schoenberg: Leben, Umwelt Werk (Atlantis, Zurich, 1974).
- HMW Hans Moldenhauer, Anton von Webern: A Chronicle of his Life and Work (Gollancz, London. 1978).
- HFR Hans Ferdinand Redlich, Bruckner and Mahler (Dent, London, 1955).
- IGMG Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft (International Gustav Mahler Society).
- IWG Reginald Isaacs, Walter Gropius: Der Mensch und sein Werk, trans. Georg G. Meerwein (Mann, Berlin, 1983).
- JFP Josef Bohuslav Forster, Der Pilger Artia. Prague, 1955).
- KIW Julius Korngold, Die Korngolds in Wien: Der Musikkritiker und das Wunderkind (Musik & Theater, Zurich, 1991).
- KMA The Mahler Album, ed. Gilbert Kaplan (The Kaplan Foundation, New York. in association with Thames and Hudson Ltd., London, 1995).
- KMO Karl Maria Klob, Musik und Oper: Kritische Gänge (Heinrich Kerler, Ulm, 1953).
- LEM Max Graf, Legende einer Musikstadt (Österreichische Buchgemeinschaft, Vienna, 1949).
- LKR Liselotte Kitzwegerer, ‘Alfred Roller als Bühnenbildner’, Ph.D. thesis (Vienna, 1959).
- MAY Zoltan Roman, Gustav Mahler’s American Years 1907-1911 (Pendragon, Stuyvesant, New York, 1989).
- MBR1 Gustav Mahler, Briefe 1879-1911, ed. Alma Mahler (Zsolnay, Vienna, 1924).
- MBR2 Augmented and revised edn. of MBR1, ed. Herta Blaukopf (Zsolnay, Vienna-Hamburg, 1997).
- MBRS Gustav Mahler, Unbekannte Briefe, ed. Herta Blaukopf (Zsolnay, Vienna, 1983).
- MDD George Martin, The Damrosh Dynasty: America’s First Family of Music (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1983).
- MFM Friends of Music, Gustav Mahler: The Composer, the Conductor and the Man, appreciations by distinguished contemporary musicians, publ. on the occasion of the first performance of Mahler’s Eighth Symphony in New York 9 Apr. 1916.
- MKW Max Morold, Wagners Kampf und Sieg (2 vols. Amalthea, Zurich, 1930).
- MSB Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss, Briefwechsel 1888-1911, ed. Herta Blaukopf (Piper Verlag. Munich, 1900).
- NBL1 Natalie Bauer-Lechner, Erinnerungen an Gustav Mahler, ed. Johann Kilian (Tal, Leipzig, 1923).
- NBL2 Gustav Mahler. Erinnerungen von Natalie Bauer-Lechner, ed. Herbert Killian, Anmerkungen und Erklärungen von Knud Martner (Wagner, Hamburg. 1984).
- OKM Otto Klemperer, Meine Erinnerungen an Gustav Mahler (Atlantis, Zurich,1960).
- PSE Paul Stefan, Gustav Mahler’s Erbe (Weber, Munich, 1908).
- PSG Paul Stefan, Das Grab in Wien (Reiss, Berlin, 1913).
- PSM Paul Stefan, Gustav Mahler (Piper, Munich, 1st edn., 1910; 2nd edn., 1912).
- RBM Alfred Roller, Die Bildnisse von Gustav Mahler (Tal, Leipzig, 1922).
- RHM Theodor Reik, The Haunting Melody (Farrar, Strauss & Young. New York, 1953).
- RMA Edward R. Reilly, Gustav Mahler und Guido Adler: Zur Geschichte einer Freundschaft (Universal Edition, Vienna, 1978). Eng. trans. Gustav Mahler and Guido Adler: Records of a Friendship (Cambridge University, Cambridge, 1982).
- RMH Reeser Eduard, Gustav Mahler und Holland: Briefe (Universal Edition, Vienna, 1980).
- RPW Erik Ryding and Rebecca Pechefsky, Bruno Walter: A World Elsewhere (Yale University, New Haven, 2001).
- RSM1 Richard Specht, Gustav Mahler (Gosse & Tetzlaff, Berlin, n.d. [19051).
- RSM2 Richard Specht, Gustav Mahler (1st edn., illustr., Schuster & Loeffler, Berlin. 1913).
- SIM Société Internationale de Musique.
- SBE Richard Strauss, Briefe an die Eltern (Atlantis, Zurich, 1954).
- SPH Howard Shanet, Philharmonic: A History of New York’s Orchestra (Doubleday, New York, 1975).
- SWE Paul Stauber, Das wahre Erbe Mahlers (Hubert & Lahme, Vienna, 1909).
- SWO Richard Specht, Das Wiener Operntheater: Erinnerung aus 50 Jahren (Knepler, Vienna, 1919).
- TAF Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, Quasi una fantasia, Musikalische Schriften II (Suhrkainp, Frankfurt. 1963).
- TAFe Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, Quasi usa fantasia, Eng. trans. Essays of Modern Music (Verso, London, 1992).
- TAM Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, Gustav Mahler: Eine musikalische Physiognomik (Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, 1960).
- TAMe Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, Mahler: A Musical Physiognomy (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1992).
- THE Theodor Helm, Erinnerungen eines Musikkritikers, ed. Max Schönherr (self-published, Vienna, 1977).
- UPL University of Pennsylvania Library.
- VKM Vladimir Karbusicky, Gustav Mahler und seine Umwelt (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1978).
- WKL Wilhelm Kienzl, Meine Lebenswanderung: Erlebtes und Erlauschtes (Engelhorn, Stuttgart, 1926).
- WLE Felix Weingartner, Lebenserinnerungen (2 vols. Orell Füssli, Zurich, 1928-1929).
- WMWI Franz Willnauer, Gustav Mahler und die Wiener Oper (Jugend und Volk, Vienna, 1979).
- WMW2 Franz Willnauer, Gustav Mahler und die Wiener Oper (Locker, Vienna, 1993).
- WRE William Ritter, Etudes d’art etranger (Mercure de France, Paris, 1906).
- WRM William Ritter, William Ritter Chevalier de Gustav Mahler: Ecrits, correspondance, documents, ed. Claude Meylan (Peter Lang, Bern, 2000).
Reference abbreviations (unpublished sources)
- AMS Alma Mahler, Ein Leben mit Gustav Mahler (Typescript with many MS insert by AMM).
- AMT Alma Mahler, Tagebuch (Typescript, UPL).
- JRM Josef Reitler, ‘Ein jugendlicher Mahler-Enthusiast’ and ‘Gustav Mahler’. Unpublished manuscripts obtained from Reitler’s nephew, Frederick Reitler.
- KMI Knud Martner, personal communication to the author.
- NBLS Natalie Bauer-Lechner, Mahleriana (partly unpubl. manuscript, BGM).
- BGM now changed to MMM (Médiathèque Musicale Mahler).
Autograph Sources (the source is undated if no date is mentioned)
- AFC Autograph fair copies.
- AOD Autograph orchestral draft.
- APD Autograph preliminary draft (for full movement or substantial part of one): orchestral works are mostly in Particelli; Lieder mostly v(oice) and p(iano).
- CFC Copyist’s fair copy (included only when necessary).
- FS Facsimile score.
Libraries
- ACA Amsterdam Concertgebouw Archive.
- ASI Arnold Schoenberg Institute, Vienna, Austria.
- BBC Biblioteca Bodmeriana, Cologny, Switzerland.
- BIL British Library, London.
- BMG Bibliothèque Musicale Gustav Mahler, Paris.
- BSB Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz.
- BSM Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich.
- CPA Czech Philharmonic Archive, Prague.
- GMF Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde Library, Vienna.
- HLH Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
- HNM The Hague, the Netherlands Muziek Institut.
- IMG Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft, Vienna.
- JNJ Jerusalem, Jewish National and University Library.
- LCW Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
- IPA Library of the Performing Arts, Lincoln Center, New York.
- MAS Moldenhauer Archive, Spokane, Washington.
- NLC Newberry Library, Chicago.
- NUE Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., USA.
- ONB Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna.
- PML Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.
- RWO University of Western Ontario, Rosé room, London, Canada.
- SBW Stadt- und Landesbibliothek, Vienna.
- SOU Southampton University Library, Great Britain.
- SSB Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel, Switzerland.
- SUL Stanford University Library, Stanford, Calif.
- UEA Universal Edition Archive, Vienna.
- UPL University of Pennsylvania Library.
- VSO Vienna State Opera Archive.
- YUL Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.
Jens Malte Fischer
- AME Alma Mahler-Werfel, Erinnerungen an Gustav Mahler (Zurich am Main and Berlin 1971); trans. Basil Creighton as Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters, ed. Donald Mitchell and Knud Martner, 4th edn (London 1990).
- AME (1949) Alma Mahler, Gustav Mahler: Erinnerungen und Briefe, 2nd edn (Amsterdam 1949).
- AMML Alma Mahler-Werfel, Mein Leben (Frankfurt am Main 1960); Engl. trans. And the Bridge is Love: Memories of a Lifetime (London 1958).
- AMTB Alma Mahler-Werfel, Tagebuch-Suiten 1898-1902, ed. Antony Beaumont and Susanne Rode-Breymann (Frankfurt am Main 1997); trans. Antony Beaumont as Diaries 1898-1902 (London 1998).
- BWGM Bruno Walter, Gustav Mahler: Ein Porträt (Wilhelmshaven 1981); trans. Lotte Walter Lindt (London 1990).
- BWTV Bruno Walter, Thema und Variationen: Erinnerungen und Gedanken (Frankfurt am Main 1947); trans. James Galston as Theme and Variations: An Autobiography (New York 1946).
- DLG I Henry-Louis de La Grange, Gustav Mahler: Chronique d’une vie, 3 vols (Paris 1979-1984).
- DLG II Henry-Louis de La Grange, Gustav Mahler, 4 vols (Oxford 1995-; vols 2-4 published so far).
- GMB Herta Blaukopf (ed.), Gustav Mahler: Briefe (Vienna 1996); partial Engl. trans. by Eithne Wilkins, Ernst Kaiser and Bill Hopkins as Selected Letters of Gustav Mahler, ed. Kurt Martner (London 1979).
- GMBA Henry-Louis de La Grange and Günther Weiß (eds), Ein Glück ohne Ruh’: Die Briefe Gustav Mahlers an Alma (Berlin 1995); trans. Antony Beaumont as Gustav Mahler: Letters to his Wife (London 2004)
- GMFB Stephen McClatchie (ed.) Gustav Mahler: ‘Liebste Justi!’ Briefe an die Familie (Bonn 2006); originally published in English as The Mahler Family Letters (Oxford 2006).
- GMMB Franz Wilinauer (ed), Gustav Mahler: ‘Mein lieber Trotzkopt meine süße Mohn blume’. Briefe an Anna von Mildenburg (Vienna 2006).
- GMRSB Herta Blaukopf (edj, Gustav Mahler – Richard Strauss: Briefwechsel 1888-1911 (Munich 1988); trans. Edmund Jephcott as Gustav Mahler – Richard Strauss: Correspondence 1888-1911 (London 1984).
- GMUB Herta Blaukopf (ed.), Gustav Mahler: Unbekannte Briefe (Vienna and Hamburg 1983); trans. Richard Stokes as Mahler’s Unknown Letters (London 1986)
- HDMZ Hermann Danuser, Gustav Mahler und seine Zeit (Laaber 1991).
- HEMM Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, Die Musik Gustav Mahlers, 2nd edn (Munich 1986).
- HKBGM Herta and Kurt Blaukopf(eds), Gustav Mahler: Leben und Werk in Zeugnissen der Zeit (Stuttgart 1994).
- IGMG Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft.
- KBMD Kurt Blaukopf (ed.), Mahler: Sein Leben, sein Werk und seine Welt in zeitgenössischen Bildern und Texten (Vienna 1976); trans. Paul Baker and others as Mahler: A Documentary Study (New York and Toronto 1976).
- MHGM Mathias Hansen, Gustav Mahler (Stuttgart 1996).
- NBL Herbert Killian (ed.), Gustav Mahler in den Erinnerungen von Natalie Bauer-Lechner (Hamburg 1984); partial trans. by Dika Newlin as Recollections of Gustav Mahler by Natalie Bauer-Lechner, ed. Peter Franklin (London 1980).
- NLM Norman Lebrecht, Gustav Mahler im Spiegel seiner Zeit (Zurich and Sankt Gallen 1990); originally published in London ¡n 1987.
- NMF Nachrichten zur Mahler-Forschung.
- RMA Zoltan Roman, Gustav Mahler’s American Years (1907-1911): A Documentary History (Stuyvesant, NY, 1989).
- RMU Zoltan Roman, Gustav Mahler and Hungary (Budapest 1991).
- TWAM Theodor W. Adorno, Mahler: Eine musikalische Physiognomik ((Frankfurt am Main 1960); trans. Edmund Jephcott as Mahler: A Musical Physiognomy (Chicago 1992).
- WMWO Franz Willnauer, Gustav Mahler und die Wiener Oper (Vienna 1993).