All instruments used by Gustav Mahler (Orchestration)

Woodwind

• Bass clarinet A (Bassklarinette). Symphony No. 7.
• Bass clarinet B. Das klagende Lied, Das Lied von der Erde, Symphony No. 7.
• Bass clarinet Bb.
• Bassoon (Fagott, Fag.).
• Clarinet A (Klarinette, Klar.).
• Clarinet B (Bklar.). Das klagende Lied, Das Lied von der Erde.
• Clarinet Bb.
• Clarinet C.
• Clarinet D.
• Clarinet Eb.
• Contra bassoon (Kontrafagott, Kfag.).
• Cor Anglais (English horn, Englishhorn, Eh.).  
• Flute (Flote, Fl.). 
• Oboe (Ob.). 
• Oboe d’Amore (Alt oboe). Das Lied von der Erde, Ruckert-Lieder.
• Piccolo. 
• Piccolo clarinet Eb.

Brass

• Alt trombone (Altposaune). Symphony No. 7.
• Bass tuba Bb/Eb.
• Bass tuba F (Contrabass tuba). Das klagende Lied.
• Contra bass tuba (Kontrabasstuba).
• Cornet F (Piston). 
• Flugelhorn Bb. Das klagende Lied.
• Horn Eb (Horne, Hr.).
• Horn F (French horn). 
• Natural horn (Wald horn). 
• Piston F.
• Post horn Bb (or Flugelhorn Bb). Symphony. No. 3.
• Tenor horn B (Tenorhorn, Alt horn, Tenh.). Symphony No. 7.
• Tenor horn Eb.
• Trombone (Posaune, Pos.).
• Trumpet B (Trompete, Trp).
• Trumpet Bb.
• Trumpet C. 
• Trumpet Eb. 
• Trumpet F.
• Tuba. 

String sections

• Double bass (Kontrabass, Kb.).
• Double bass with low C. Symphony No. 2, Symphony No. 3, Das Lied von der Erde.
• Viola (Va.).
• Violin I (Violine I, VI. I).
• Violin II (Violine II, VI. II).
• Violin (solo, higher pitch). 
• Violoncel (Violoncello, Vc.). 

Plucked

• Guitar (Gitarre, Git.). Symphony No. 7.
• Harp (Harfe, Hf.).
• Mandolin (Mandoline, Mand.). Symphony No. 7, Symphony No. 8, Das Lied von der Erde.

Keyboard

• Celesta. Das Lied von der Erde.
• Harmonium. Symphony No. 8.
• Organ. Symphony No. 2, Symphony No. 8.
• Piano. 

Timpani

• Timpani (Pauken, Pk.) 32/29/26/23.

Percussion

• Bass drum (Grosse Trommel, Gr. Tr.).
• Bass drum military with cymbals attached (played by one musician) (Grosse Trommel und Becken (von einem geschlagen)). Symphony No. 1, Symphony No. 3, Symphony No. 7, Symphony No. 10.
• Bells cow, tuned.
• Bells cow, tuned with clappers.
• Bells herd (Herdenglocken, Herdengl.). Symphony No. 7.
• Bells low (A and Ab).
• Bells low (F#, A and B)
• Bells low (untuned). Symphony No. 7.
• Bells low (or bell plates).
• Bells ringed, peal. (Glockengelaute). Symphony No. 7.
• Bells tubular tuned.
• Bells tubular untuned.
• Cymbals clash (pair) (Becken, Bck.).
• Cymbals suspended (played with stick).
• Glockenspiel (chimes, Glsp.).
• Glockenspiel with keyboard (Glockenspiel (mit Klaviatur). Symphony No. 7.
• Hammer. Symphony No. 6.
• Herd bell (Herdenglocken). Symphony No. 7.
• Rattle. 
• Ruthe (Rute, switch rod). Symphony No. 7.
• Sleighbells.
• Small drum (Kleine Trommel).
• Snare drum.
• Tam tam (high) (Tam-tam, T.-T.).
• Tam tam (low).
• Tambourine (Tambourin, Tamb.).
• Triangle (Triangel, Trgl.).
• Whip.
• Wood block.
• Xylophone. Symphony No. 6, Symphony No. 10.

Vocals solo

• Alto.
• Baritone. 
• Bass. 
• Boy alto. 
• Boy soprano.
• Mezzo-soprano.
• Soprano. 
• Tenor. 
• Voice. 

Choir

• Boys choir. Symphony No. 3, Symphony No. 8.
• Female choir. Symphony No. 3.
• SATB (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone) choir. Symphony No. 2, Symphony No. 8, Das klagende Lied.

Fernorchester (in the distance, offstage, single instrument or ensemble)

• Symphony No. 1, Symphony No. 2, Symphony No. 3, Symphony No. 6, Das klagende Lied.